Sizes / material

Wood species & why it matters

Douglas fir, hemlock, pine, alder, oak. Species sets weight, stiffness, nail-holding and smell — and in the Pacific Northwest it also sets how local your pallet really is.

Close view of a single stack of stringer pallets showing deck boards and stamps — 48×40 stringer, stamped

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The species mix in our yard is a fingerprint of the region: mostly Douglas fir and western hemlock, with pine from the east side of the Cascades and a steady trickle of mixed hardwood arriving on freight from the Midwest and the South.

Species matters commercially for three reasons: weight (which you pay for in freight), nail-holding (which decides repairability), and odour or staining (which matters enormously in food and wine).

Detail

What this means in practice

Freight weight is money
A hardwood 48×40 can weigh 20 lb more than a fir one. Across 600 pallets that is six tonnes of paid-for air.
Food and wine care about smell
We keep a fir-and-hemlock-only pool for customers whose product absorbs odour.
Repairability follows nail holding
Fir and southern yellow pine take a companion stringer beautifully. Very dry pine sometimes will not.
Local means local
Over 80% of the wood in our yard grew within 180 miles of Portland, which is a genuinely rare thing to be able to say.

Specifications

Numbers you can plan around

Published, honoured, and quoted back to you in writing on every order.

Species	Density	Nail holding	Typical origin	Best for	Watch out for
Douglas fir	Medium-high	Excellent	Oregon, Washington	General freight, repairs	Splits if nailed near the end grain
Western hemlock	Medium	Good	Coastal PNW	Deck boards	Holds moisture; dries slowly
Ponderosa pine	Low-medium	Fair	Central OR, Eastern WA	Light loads, crates	Softer; dents under point loads
Southern yellow pine	High	Excellent	Southeast US	Heavy stringers	Heavy — adds freight weight
Red alder	Medium	Good	Willamette Valley	Upcycled goods	Not ideal structurally
Mixed hardwood (oak, maple)	High	Excellent	Midwest, Southeast	Heavy industrial pallets	Heavy, and can stain damp packaging
Sitka spruce	Low	Fair	Coastal	Light crates	Scarce; mostly salvage

Weight is the line nobody audits

Species sets density, and density sets freight weight. A hardwood 48×40 can weigh twenty pounds more than a Douglas fir unit of the same dimensions. Across six hundred pallets a month that is six tonnes of wood you are paying to move that carries nothing.

On weight-constrained lanes this is the single largest hidden cost in a pallet decision, and it never appears on a unit-price comparison. If your lane is weight-limited, specify fir or hemlock and tell your supplier why.

Nail holding decides repairability

Douglas fir and southern yellow pine take a companion stringer beautifully: dense enough to grip a helical nail, forgiving enough not to split when fastened near an end. Very dry ponderosa pine sometimes will not hold a repair at all, which quietly turns a repairable pallet into core.

That is why species matters commercially even when strength does not. A pool of fir pallets has a longer economic life than a pool of soft pine pallets, independent of their load ratings, because more of them can be saved.

Receiving

What to check on delivery

Eleven minutes on the first three deliveries sets the tone for the whole relationship. Do this with any supplier, including us.

Check	How	Pass	If it fails
Overall size	Tape measure, both dimensions, one pallet in ten	Within 1/4" (Grade A) or 1/2" (Grade B)	Note it on the delivery ticket
Squareness	Steel square in two opposite corners	Within 1/4" on the diagonal	Reject the unit; we replace next route
Protruding nails	Palm flat across the top deck	Nothing catches	Reject — this is what tears packaging
Bottom boards	Flip one pallet in ten	No split through a nail line	Reject; it will fail in a rack
Moisture	Lift one. Wet pallets are 8–10 lb heavier	Feels dry, sounds sharp	Floor stack to dry, do not rack at rating
Mould or staining	Visual, both decks	Weathering only, no fuzz	Reject for any food-contact use
Grade mix	Count against the delivery note	Matches what you ordered	Ask for the count sheet to be corrected

Write failures on the delivery ticket rather than calling — a written record is the only thing that reliably changes supplier behaviour, and we replace rejected units on the next route with no restocking charge.

Money

How a pallet price is actually built

Four inputs, in descending order of importance. None of them is a list price, which is why we quote rather than publish.

Today's pool depth: How many units of that footprint and grade are physically in the yard this week. Used stock is not manufactured on demand.
Grade and screening: Grade A costs more than B because the yield is lower, not because the wood is different. Screened automation pools cost more again.
Freight: Always itemised separately. Paired loads — where your delivery rides with a collection — are priced lower because they genuinely cost us less.
Volume and commitment: A quarterly supply program fixes a price and reserves stock. Spot buying at peak is the most expensive way to buy pallets.

New 48×40 palletindex 100
Grade A recycled45–55
Grade B recycled30–40
Remanufactured25–35
Repairing your own40–55% of replacement

Indicative cost index against a new pallet of the same footprint. Purchase price is typically only 5–15% of a pallet's total cost per trip — freight weight, damage and receiving-dock rework are usually larger. The full arithmetic

01
Published specifications
Grade definitions, dimensional tolerances and racked load ratings in writing. Most yards will not publish a racked figure at all.
02
Hand graded, four-hour triage
Two graders per line, flipped and sounded. Every inbound load is triaged within four working hours so nothing rots in a mystery pile.
03
Zero landfill, measured
Weighed in, weighed out, reconciled monthly. Zero pounds landfilled in 2025, with a certificate you can hand to an auditor.
04
Everything in writing
No phone line by choice. Every price, date and commitment lives in an email you can search, forward and hold us to.
05
Repair before replacement
A repair bay, a kiln, a de-nailer and a grinder on site. Repairing a pallet avoids roughly 11 kg CO₂e and costs you half of new.
06
Traceable by stamp
Every unit carries a Pallet Passport ID burned into a stringer. Type it in and read its species, cycles, repairs and carbon ledger.

Avoid these

Six expensive mistakes

Every one of these has cost a customer real money in front of us.

01
Buying on unit price alone
Purchase price is 5–15% of total cost per trip. Tare weight, damage rate and receiving-dock rework are usually larger line items, and none of them appear on a quote comparison.
02
Accepting overhang
A load extending even an inch past the deck transfers weight into the packaging instead of the pallet. Case compression strength drops sharply and the damage appears three handling events later, in somebody else's warehouse.
03
Racking on a dynamic rating
Dynamic is what a pallet carries while being moved. Racked — supported only at its edges — is smaller and is the only number that matters in beam racking. Ask for it in writing.
04
Specifying Grade A out of habit
For one-way shipping, floor stacking and closed loops, Grade B does the same job for roughly 20% less. Over-specifying is paying for appearance.
05
Storing pallets on bare ground
Two spare pallets as a base and a tarp that reaches the sides will keep a stack usable through a Portland winter. A soaked pallet gains nine pounds of paid freight weight and loses stiffness.
06
Forgetting that dunnage needs a stamp
On export loads the bracing, blocking and chocks are solid wood packaging too. One untreated board can hold an entire container at a foreign port.

The yard

What stands behind this page

14kpallets graded monthlytwo hand-grading lines
1,100heat treated per dayISPM-15, chart recorded
4.1M lbwood diverted last year68% reused whole
0 lblandfilled in 2025weighed and reconciled

What this means for your reporting

Reuse is the cheapest emissions reduction available in logistics, and it is also the easiest to document. We model a new 48×40 softwood pallet at 14.2 kg CO₂e — lumber production, fasteners, assembly and delivery — and a reuse cycle at 3.1 kg, covering collection, repair materials, yard overhead and redelivery. The difference, 11 kg CO₂e per reuse, is the figure we publish.

We also publish the caveat: that figure assumes a reused pallet genuinely displaces the manufacture of a new one. Economists call the gap leakage, and nobody in this industry can honestly claim it is zero. We think displacement is high because the pallet market is regional and price-responsive, but we will not pretend it is perfect.

Which is why we lead with the number that needs no assumptions: measured landfill diversion. Landfilled wood decomposes anaerobically and releases methane, roughly 28 times worse than CO₂ over a century. Keeping four million pounds of wood out of a hole in the ground is a benefit you can weigh.

Per-unit figures

New pallet: 14.2 kg CO₂e (range 12.8–16.1)
Reused graded pallet: 3.1 kg CO₂e
Repaired customer-owned: 2.2 kg CO₂e
Avoided per reuse: 11 kg CO₂e, published
Wood kept in service: 33–37 lb per unit
Biogenic carbon stored: ~26 kg CO₂-equivalent

The full derivation

Questions

Asked often

Can I specify a species?

Yes, and food, wine and coffee customers routinely do. We hold a fir-and-hemlock-only pool for products that absorb odour.

Is hardwood better?

Stronger per board and heavier per pallet. On weight-constrained freight the extra twenty pounds per unit usually costs more than the strength is worth.

How local is your wood?

Over 80% of the wood in the yard grew within 180 miles of Portland. That is a genuinely unusual thing for a packaging supplier to be able to say.

Questions

What people ask about wood species & why it matters

What is the minimum order or pickup?

No hard minimum for collection at the yard — come and take four pallets on a Saturday morning if you like. For delivery it is 50 units inside Portland metro and 150 outside it, because the truck has to earn its diesel. Outside our 180-mile fleet radius we quote through partner yards and freight, with the lane itemised.

How fast can this happen?

Standard 48×40 Grade A and B stock: same day for pickup, next day for metro delivery. Block pallets one to three days. Custom builds five to nine business days; engineered runs two to three weeks. Heat treatment is same day for booked batches and 48 hours standard. Written quotes always come back within one business day.

Why is there no phone number anywhere?

Because verbal quotes get remembered differently by different people. Since 2018 every price, date and commitment we make exists in an email you can search and forward. Most customers dislike it for about a month and then prefer it. Everything else happens in person at 3821 NW St Helens Rd, Portland, OR 97210.

Can I inspect before committing?

Please do. Visit the yard by email arrangement — closed-toe boots required, hi-vis provided — or ask for photographs of the actual pool your order would come from. We would rather lose an order than have a customer discover a surprise on their dock.

What documentation comes with it?

A written quote, a signed count sheet by grade, a weight ticket where material is weighed, heat-treatment certificates for treated batches (archived seven years), and a monthly diversion certificate for anything we collect for recycling — measured pounds kept out of landfill, which is the figure your ESG report actually needs.

What will you refuse to do?

Take methyl-bromide fumigated, chemically contaminated or fire-damaged wood. Buy marked rental-pool pallets, which belong to their operator. Promise same-day delivery outside the metro. Or quote a grade we do not think will survive your handling — we will specify downward and explain why.

Vocabulary

Terms used on this page

Defined the way a yard uses them, not the way a standards document does.

Block pallet: A pallet supported by nine solid blocks rather than stringers, giving true four-way entry and better racked performance.
Bolster: A squared timber used to block and brace loads inside trailers and containers. We re-saw ours from retired stringers.
Chamfer: The bevelled edge on a bottom deck board that lets a pallet jack roll on without catching.
Companion stringer: A second timber nailed alongside a cracked stringer to span the damage and restore the load path.
Core: Low-grade pallet material bought for board and fibre recovery rather than resale.
Closed loop: A pallet population circulating between known points and returning. Cycle time, not consumption, governs pool size.
Deck board: The boards nailed across stringers or blocks forming the top and bottom surfaces of a pallet.
De-nailer: The machine that separates deck boards from stringers and removes fasteners before fibre recovery.

The full glossary, 36 terms

Long reads

From the journal · written in the yard

Decision table

Five ways to get a pallet, compared honestly

Including the two we do not sell. Cost index is against a new wooden pallet of the same footprint.

Indicative figures for a 48×40 footprint in the Pacific Northwest, 2026. Rental pool economics vary by contract and are deliberately shown as a range.
Option	Cost index	Trips	Repairable	Carbon per use	Best for	Watch out for
Grade A recycled	45–55	9–14 then repair	Yes	3.1 kg	Almost everything	Colour varies; tare varies by a few pounds
Grade B recycled	30–40	7–11 then repair	Yes	3.1 kg	One-way, floor stacking, closed loops	Lower racked rating (1,500 lb)
Remanufactured	25–35	5–8	Yes	4.8 kg	One-way on a budget	Visibly mixed boards; 1,200 lb racked
New wooden	100	15–20 then repair	Yes	14.2 kg	Tight tolerances, audits, odd sizes	Pays for appearance you may not need
Plastic	500–1,000	30–100	No	High embodied, low per-use	Wash-down, deep freeze, pharma	Cracks end its life; not repairable
Rental pool	Per-trip fee	Managed	By operator	Operator's figure	Exchange networks, retail mandates	Pallets are not yours; losses are chargeable

We sell the first four and supply plastic where a wash-down line genuinely needs it. We do not operate a rental pool, and we will not buy marked pool pallets from you — they belong to their operator. Full comparisons

Worked example

Cost per trip, calculated properly

A real comparison for a plant shipping 600 pallets a month on a weight-sensitive lane. Copy the method, not the numbers.

Illustrative. Your lane rate, damage rate and disposal cost will differ — the point is that unit price is the smallest line in the table.
Line	New pallet	Grade A recycled	Grade B recycled	Note
Unit purchase price (index)	100	50	35	The only number most procurement systems compare
Trips before repair	15–20	9–14	7–11	New lasts longer; it also costs twice as much
Purchase cost per trip (index)	5.6	4.3	3.8	Price divided by trips
Tare weight	36 lb	35 lb	33 lb	Recycled fir is often lighter than new hardwood
Freight weight penalty	Baseline	Neutral	−3 lb/unit	Only matters on weight-limited lanes
Expected damage rate	0.3%	0.3%	0.4%	Graded stock behaves; ungraded stock does not
Receiving rejections	Rare	Rare	Occasional	Graded + written tolerance removes most of this
End-of-life cost	0	0	0	We collect and pay or collect free — never a disposal fee
Documentation value	None	Diversion certificate	Diversion certificate	Reportable ESG outcome at no extra cost

Purchase price share of total cost5–15%
Freight weight share~30%
Damage & rework share~38%
Handling labour share~20%

Build this yourself

One row per option, six columns: unit price, tare weight, expected trips, damage rate, rejection risk, disposal cost. Multiply out across annual volume. It takes an afternoon, the cheapest unit price almost never wins, and we will happily help build it — including with numbers that do not favour us.

The full article

Diagnostics

Read the damage, fix the cause

Damage patterns are not random. Each one points at a specific handling behaviour, and fixing the behaviour is worth more than fixing the pallets.

What you see	What it almost always means	What to change	Cost to fix
Split lead boards at one end	Forks driven in too fast and too high	Operator training; dock lighting. Usually one shift is responsible	Free
Torn stringer notches	Pallet jacks entering notched stringers at an angle	Specify block pallets with true four-way entry	Spec change
Bottom boards ripped off cleanly	Pallets dragged rather than lifted, or frozen to a cold-store floor	Floor condition, forklift capacity at peak	Low
Crushed corner blocks	Stacks higher than the rating, or uneven loads on one corner	Stack-height policy; centre the load	Free
Out of square, nothing broken	Racking loading pallets diagonally — beams at different heights	Rack survey. This one is worth chasing	Medium
Mould in the middle of a stack	Wet pallets stacked tight with no airflow	Store off the ground, cover the top, leave side gaps	Low
Protruding nails tearing cases	Ungraded stock, or units repaired without re-checking	Buy graded; reject on the ticket	Free
Deck boards cupping	Moisture cycling between a freezer and a humid dock	Kiln-dried pool; helical fasteners	Spec change

Keep thirty of your own broken pallets aside for a month and photograph the damage. Patterns appear quickly. We do this analysis free with any repair quote, because a customer whose damage rate halves buys from us for a decade.

Storage

Keeping pallets usable through a wet winter

Portland takes about 36 inches of rain a year and most of it lands between November and March. You do not need a building to survive that — you need three habits.

Off the ground: Two spare pallets as a base. Anything touching soil wicks water and rots from the bottom layer up.
Covered on top: A tarp that actually reaches the sides. Rain enters a stack from above, not from the side.
Air gaps, not a seal: A sealed tarp traps condensation and produces the mould problem you were avoiding. Leave the sides open.
Away from drip lines: Anything under a roofline drip edge stays wet all winter, regardless of what you cover it with.
Aligned with the wind: Stacks oriented with prevailing wind dry noticeably faster. Free, and it works.
Rotate the pile: First in, first out. The bottom of an untouched stack is where pallets go to die.

What moisture does, measured on our own scale and grading line.
Condition	Weight	Stiffness	Rack it?
Kiln dried (≤19% MC)	33 lb	Full rating	Yes
Air dried, covered	35 lb	Full rating	Yes
Damp, uncovered 2 weeks	39 lb	Reduced	Floor stack
Rain-soaked	45 lb	Materially reduced	No — let it dry
Frozen wet	45 lb+	Unpredictable	No

Nine pounds of water per pallet is nine pounds of freight you pay to move. Across 600 units that is more than two and a half tonnes of water on a truck. Field notes on moisture

If you are selling

Six things that raise what your pile is worth

None of these require you to sort anything. They just make the pile faster for a driver and a grader to deal with, and that difference lands in the price.

01
Get it off the dirt
The bottom layer of a stack sitting on soil is the layer we have to write off. Two spare pallets underneath prevents it.
02
Stack square and to one height
Even stacks load faster, count accurately and travel without shifting. Leaning piles get counted conservatively.
03
Keep sizes together
You do not need to grade, but separating 48×40 from everything else takes minutes and raises the per-unit price.
04
Pull out the obvious non-wood
Carpet, foam-backed board, metal frames and the occasional bicycle. Composites cost us money to separate.
05
Leave truck and forklift access
A pile behind a locked gate at the end of a narrow alley is worth less than the same pile on a loading apron.
06
Photograph it once
One picture from fifteen feet tells a grader footprint, grade mix, moisture exposure and count within about 15%.

What we can and cannot take. We will always name somebody who can handle the rest.
Material	We take it	Basis
48×40 GMA, any grade	Yes	Paid per unit by grade
Euro / EPAL branded	Yes	Paid per unit, market dependent
Block pallets, odd sizes	Yes	Paid per unit
Broken cores, mixed piles	Yes	Usually collected free
Crates, bins, dunnage	Yes	By weight
Wet or unsortable stock	Yes	Free, or a small haul fee
Marked rental-pool pallets	No	They belong to their operator
MB-stamped (fumigated)	No	Cannot enter our streams
Painted or contaminated	No	Would degrade mulch and bedding
Fire-damaged	No	Unsafe to process

How selling works

Safety

Pallet safety, the short version

OSHA 1910.176 covers storage and housekeeping in your building. These are the specifics that actually cause incidents.

01
Never rack on an unknown rating
If nobody can produce a racked (edge-support) figure in writing, treat the pallet as unrated and floor stack it. This is the single most common serious incident in warehousing.
02
Empty stack height
Keep empty pallet stacks to a sensible, stable height — commonly capped around 15 units or 6 feet by site policy — on level ground, away from exits and sprinkler heads.
03
Empty pallets are a fire load
Idle wooden pallets burn fast and hot. Most fire codes limit indoor idle storage and require separation from other combustibles. Outdoor storage needs clearance from buildings.
04
Never climb a stack
Obvious, routinely ignored, and the cause of most pallet-related injuries. Use equipment, not a foothold.
05
Mind protruding fasteners
Gloves, and reject units with nails standing proud. A nail that tears a case will also tear a hand.
06
Do not burn treated wood
Never burn MB-fumigated, painted or chemically treated wood. Untreated offcuts are fine as fuel; everything else goes to a proper stream.

This is general guidance rather than a compliance document. Your local fire code and your own risk assessment govern; we are happy to supply load ratings and treatment records to support yours.

Go deeper

Everything else on this site

Read the journal

Next step

Shall we put a number on it?

Email reaches the same yard team that graded the stock. Written quotes, one business day, no phone tag.

Wood species & why it matters

Put this page into a quote.

What this means in practice

Freight weight is money

Food and wine care about smell

Repairability follows nail holding

Local means local

Numbers you can plan around

Weight is the line nobody audits

Nail holding decides repairability

What to check on delivery

How a pallet price is actually built

Published specifications

Hand graded, four-hour triage

Zero landfill, measured

Everything in writing

Repair before replacement

Traceable by stamp

Six expensive mistakes

Buying on unit price alone

Accepting overhang

Racking on a dynamic rating

Specifying Grade A out of habit

Storing pallets on bare ground

Forgetting that dunnage needs a stamp

What stands behind this page

What this means for your reporting

Asked often

What people ask about wood species & why it matters

Terms used on this page

From the journal · written in the yard

Pallet furniture, done properly: safety, species and finish

The brewery pallet playbook: kegs, cases and a very wet floor

Wood is a carbon store, and a pallet is a very good place to keep it

Winter in a pallet yard: six things that change when it rains for ninety days

Five ways to get a pallet, compared honestly

Cost per trip, calculated properly

Read the damage, fix the cause

Keeping pallets usable through a wet winter

Six things that raise what your pile is worth

Get it off the dirt

Stack square and to one height

Keep sizes together

Pull out the obvious non-wood

Leave truck and forklift access

Photograph it once

Pallet safety, the short version

Never rack on an unknown rating

Empty stack height

Empty pallets are a fire load

Never climb a stack

Mind protruding fasteners

Do not burn treated wood

Go deeper

Everything else on this site

Shall we put a number on it?