Built
Douglas fir from a mill inside 180 miles. Seven top boards, five bottom, three stringers, helical nails, 2,800 lb dynamic.
Request a quote
Not sure which grade you need?
Pick 'Not sure — help me choose' in the Grade field. Describe the load and how it is handled, and we will recommend the cheapest grade that will actually work.
Portland, OR · email only, no phone
Four pools
Each grade gets its own page
- Premium
Grade A / #1
Seven top boards, no plugs, no repairs, 2,200 lb racked. The pool most customers buy from.
Read more - Economy
Grade B / #2
Plugs and one companion stringer allowed. Full working life for roughly 20% less.
Read more - Core
Grade C / core
Not sold to carry freight. Dismantled for boards, mulch, bedding and fuel.
Read more - Reman
Remanufactured
Rebuilt from salvaged components onto a sound frame. Highest reuse content.
Read more
Side by side
The whole standard on one screen
Applied to every graded 48×40 unit that leaves the yard. Printed on request.
| Attribute | Grade A | Grade B | Reman | Core |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sold to carry freight | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Dimensional tolerance | ± 1/4" | ± 1/2" | ± 1/2" | n/a |
| Squareness (diagonal) | ± 1/4" | ± 1/2" | ± 1/2" | n/a |
| Top deck boards | 7, full width | 6–7 | 6–7 salvaged | varies |
| Bottom deck boards | 5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | varies |
| Plugs permitted | No | Yes | Yes | n/a |
| Companion stringers | No | One | Yes | n/a |
| Protruding fasteners | None | None | None | n/a |
| Dynamic load | 2,800 lb | 2,200 lb | 2,000 lb | n/a |
| Static load | 8,000 lb | 6,500 lb | 6,000 lb | n/a |
| Racked load | 2,200 lb | 1,500 lb | 1,200 lb | n/a |
| Price vs new | 45–55% | 30–40% | 25–35% | by weight |
| Reuse content | 100% | 100% | 95–100% | 100% |
Protecting yourself
How to stop grade drift
Get the specification in writing first
Any serious yard has one. If a supplier cannot produce a written grade definition with a racked load rating, you are buying their mood rather than a product.
Measure one in ten on the first three deliveries
Tape measure on both dimensions, steel square in two corners, flip one over and look at the bottom boards. Eleven minutes, and it sets the tone for the whole relationship.
Write failures on the delivery ticket
A written record changes supplier behaviour in a way a phone call never does. We replace rejected units on the next route with no restocking charge.
Beware of unusually cheap Grade A
If a price looks too good for A-grade, what is usually on the truck is a well-presented C. The first ten minutes of inspection will tell you.
“Anything questionable goes to the repair bay instead of your dock. That costs us yield every single week, and it is the only reason our rejection rate is what it is.”
| Pallet | Static | Dynamic | Racked | Tare | Stack height |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48×40 GMA Grade A | 8,000 lb | 2,800 lb | 2,200 lb | 33–37 lb | 3 high loaded |
| 48×40 GMA Grade B | 6,500 lb | 2,200 lb | 1,500 lb | 30–36 lb | 2 high loaded |
| 48×40 block, 4-way | 9,000 lb | 2,500 lb | 2,400 lb | 37–41 lb | 4 high loaded |
| EPAL / Euro 1 | 8,800 lb | 3,300 lb | 2,200 lb | 48–55 lb | 3 high loaded |
| 42×42 beverage | 7,500 lb | 2,600 lb | 1,900 lb | 35–39 lb | 3 high loaded |
| 48×48 drum | 9,500 lb | 3,000 lb | 2,300 lb | 40–45 lb | 2 high loaded |
| 36×36 nursery deck | 4,500 lb | 1,400 lb | 900 lb | 24–28 lb | 2 high loaded |
| 48×20 half pallet | 3,000 lb | 1,400 lb | 900 lb | 18–22 lb | 2 high loaded |
| Remanufactured 48×40 | 6,000 lb | 2,000 lb | 1,200 lb | 30–38 lb | 2 high loaded |
| Heavy skid 96×48 | 16,000 lb | 12,000 lb | Not for racking | 95–130 lb | 1 high |
Money
How a pallet price is actually built
Four inputs, in descending order of importance. None of them is a list price, which is why we quote rather than publish.
- Today's pool depth
- How many units of that footprint and grade are physically in the yard this week. Used stock is not manufactured on demand.
- Grade and screening
- Grade A costs more than B because the yield is lower, not because the wood is different. Screened automation pools cost more again.
- Freight
- Always itemised separately. Paired loads — where your delivery rides with a collection — are priced lower because they genuinely cost us less.
- Volume and commitment
- A quarterly supply program fixes a price and reserves stock. Spot buying at peak is the most expensive way to buy pallets.
- New 48×40 palletindex 100
- Grade A recycled45–55
- Grade B recycled30–40
- Remanufactured25–35
- Repairing your own40–55% of replacement
Indicative cost index against a new pallet of the same footprint. Purchase price is typically only 5–15% of a pallet's total cost per trip — freight weight, damage and receiving-dock rework are usually larger. The full arithmetic
Receiving
What to check on delivery
Eleven minutes on the first three deliveries sets the tone for the whole relationship. Do this with any supplier, including us.
| Check | How | Pass | If it fails |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall size | Tape measure, both dimensions, one pallet in ten | Within 1/4" (Grade A) or 1/2" (Grade B) | Note it on the delivery ticket |
| Squareness | Steel square in two opposite corners | Within 1/4" on the diagonal | Reject the unit; we replace next route |
| Protruding nails | Palm flat across the top deck | Nothing catches | Reject — this is what tears packaging |
| Bottom boards | Flip one pallet in ten | No split through a nail line | Reject; it will fail in a rack |
| Moisture | Lift one. Wet pallets are 8–10 lb heavier | Feels dry, sounds sharp | Floor stack to dry, do not rack at rating |
| Mould or staining | Visual, both decks | Weathering only, no fuzz | Reject for any food-contact use |
| Grade mix | Count against the delivery note | Matches what you ordered | Ask for the count sheet to be corrected |
Write failures on the delivery ticket rather than calling — a written record is the only thing that reliably changes supplier behaviour, and we replace rejected units on the next route with no restocking charge.
Questions
What people ask about pallet grades
What is the minimum order or pickup?
No hard minimum for collection at the yard — come and take four pallets on a Saturday morning if you like. For delivery it is 50 units inside Portland metro and 150 outside it, because the truck has to earn its diesel. Outside our 180-mile fleet radius we quote through partner yards and freight, with the lane itemised.
How fast can this happen?
Standard 48×40 Grade A and B stock: same day for pickup, next day for metro delivery. Block pallets one to three days. Custom builds five to nine business days; engineered runs two to three weeks. Heat treatment is same day for booked batches and 48 hours standard. Written quotes always come back within one business day.
Why is there no phone number anywhere?
Because verbal quotes get remembered differently by different people. Since 2018 every price, date and commitment we make exists in an email you can search and forward. Most customers dislike it for about a month and then prefer it. Everything else happens in person at 3821 NW St Helens Rd, Portland, OR 97210.
Can I inspect before committing?
Please do. Visit the yard by email arrangement — closed-toe boots required, hi-vis provided — or ask for photographs of the actual pool your order would come from. We would rather lose an order than have a customer discover a surprise on their dock.
What documentation comes with it?
A written quote, a signed count sheet by grade, a weight ticket where material is weighed, heat-treatment certificates for treated batches (archived seven years), and a monthly diversion certificate for anything we collect for recycling — measured pounds kept out of landfill, which is the figure your ESG report actually needs.
What will you refuse to do?
Take methyl-bromide fumigated, chemically contaminated or fire-damaged wood. Buy marked rental-pool pallets, which belong to their operator. Promise same-day delivery outside the metro. Or quote a grade we do not think will survive your handling — we will specify downward and explain why.
Vocabulary
Terms used on this page
Defined the way a yard uses them, not the way a standards document does.
- Companion stringer
- A second timber nailed alongside a cracked stringer to span the damage and restore the load path.
- Core
- Low-grade pallet material bought for board and fibre recovery rather than resale.
- Grade A / #1
- Premium recycled: no plugs, no repairs, tight tolerance, highest published ratings.
- Grade B / #2
- Used, possibly plugged or companion-repaired, structurally sound and fully rated.
- Plug
- A short piece of deck board let into a damaged area. Permitted in Grade B, not in Grade A.
- Remanufactured (reman)
- A pallet rebuilt from salvaged components onto a sound frame, re-squared and re-stamped.
- Stringer
- The timber running the long dimension of a pallet, carrying load in bending. Three is standard.
- Stringer plating
- A metal plate reinforcing a cracked stringer. Cheaper than a companion and less durable.
Long reads
From the journal · written in the yard
- Mar 14, 2024 · 8 min
What “Grade A” actually means, and why half the industry disagrees
There is no federal pallet grading authority. There is only what each yard writes down and whether they honour it. Here …
- Jul 8, 2024 · 7 min
Moisture is the enemy: what rain does to a pallet, a load and a budget
A soaked pallet can lose a quarter of its stiffness, gain nine pounds, and transfer mould to your packaging. In Oregon t…
- May 21, 2024 · 6 min
Twenty minutes in the repair bay: how a written-off pallet goes back to work
A cracked stringer looks like the end. In our bay it is a twenty-minute job with a chalk mark, a jig and a helical nail …
- Apr 14, 2026 · 6 min
When new pallets are genuinely the right answer
We are a reuse company. Here, honestly, are the five cases where we will recommend buying new — and the three where we w…
Everything else on this site
- The size library Twenty footprints, both measurement systems, tolerances and stock depth
- Grades explained A, B, C and reman written out, including what each costs us
- Load capacity Static, dynamic and racked without hand-waving
- Published standards The whole quality system, and our rejection remedy
- Pallet Passport Type in a stamped ID and read that pallet's life
- Carbon math Line-by-line derivation with the leakage caveat
- Journal 33 long articles from the grading line
- Glossary 36 terms, yard definitions
- All locations 51 states and DC, 323 city pages
- Contact us 3821 NW St Helens Rd, Portland, OR 97210 — email only, no phone
Decision table
Five ways to get a pallet, compared honestly
Including the two we do not sell. Cost index is against a new wooden pallet of the same footprint.
| Option | Cost index | Trips | Repairable | Carbon per use | Best for | Watch out for |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade A recycled | 45–55 | 9–14 then repair | Yes | 3.1 kg | Almost everything | Colour varies; tare varies by a few pounds |
| Grade B recycled | 30–40 | 7–11 then repair | Yes | 3.1 kg | One-way, floor stacking, closed loops | Lower racked rating (1,500 lb) |
| Remanufactured | 25–35 | 5–8 | Yes | 4.8 kg | One-way on a budget | Visibly mixed boards; 1,200 lb racked |
| New wooden | 100 | 15–20 then repair | Yes | 14.2 kg | Tight tolerances, audits, odd sizes | Pays for appearance you may not need |
| Plastic | 500–1,000 | 30–100 | No | High embodied, low per-use | Wash-down, deep freeze, pharma | Cracks end its life; not repairable |
| Rental pool | Per-trip fee | Managed | By operator | Operator's figure | Exchange networks, retail mandates | Pallets are not yours; losses are chargeable |
We sell the first four and supply plastic where a wash-down line genuinely needs it. We do not operate a rental pool, and we will not buy marked pool pallets from you — they belong to their operator. Full comparisons
Worked example
Cost per trip, calculated properly
A real comparison for a plant shipping 600 pallets a month on a weight-sensitive lane. Copy the method, not the numbers.
| Line | New pallet | Grade A recycled | Grade B recycled | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit purchase price (index) | 100 | 50 | 35 | The only number most procurement systems compare |
| Trips before repair | 15–20 | 9–14 | 7–11 | New lasts longer; it also costs twice as much |
| Purchase cost per trip (index) | 5.6 | 4.3 | 3.8 | Price divided by trips |
| Tare weight | 36 lb | 35 lb | 33 lb | Recycled fir is often lighter than new hardwood |
| Freight weight penalty | Baseline | Neutral | −3 lb/unit | Only matters on weight-limited lanes |
| Expected damage rate | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | Graded stock behaves; ungraded stock does not |
| Receiving rejections | Rare | Rare | Occasional | Graded + written tolerance removes most of this |
| End-of-life cost | 0 | 0 | 0 | We collect and pay or collect free — never a disposal fee |
| Documentation value | None | Diversion certificate | Diversion certificate | Reportable ESG outcome at no extra cost |
- Purchase price share of total cost5–15%
- Freight weight share~30%
- Damage & rework share~38%
- Handling labour share~20%
Build this yourself
One row per option, six columns: unit price, tare weight, expected trips, damage rate, rejection risk, disposal cost. Multiply out across annual volume. It takes an afternoon, the cheapest unit price almost never wins, and we will happily help build it — including with numbers that do not favour us.
The full articleDiagnostics
Read the damage, fix the cause
Damage patterns are not random. Each one points at a specific handling behaviour, and fixing the behaviour is worth more than fixing the pallets.
| What you see | What it almost always means | What to change | Cost to fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Split lead boards at one end | Forks driven in too fast and too high | Operator training; dock lighting. Usually one shift is responsible | Free |
| Torn stringer notches | Pallet jacks entering notched stringers at an angle | Specify block pallets with true four-way entry | Spec change |
| Bottom boards ripped off cleanly | Pallets dragged rather than lifted, or frozen to a cold-store floor | Floor condition, forklift capacity at peak | Low |
| Crushed corner blocks | Stacks higher than the rating, or uneven loads on one corner | Stack-height policy; centre the load | Free |
| Out of square, nothing broken | Racking loading pallets diagonally — beams at different heights | Rack survey. This one is worth chasing | Medium |
| Mould in the middle of a stack | Wet pallets stacked tight with no airflow | Store off the ground, cover the top, leave side gaps | Low |
| Protruding nails tearing cases | Ungraded stock, or units repaired without re-checking | Buy graded; reject on the ticket | Free |
| Deck boards cupping | Moisture cycling between a freezer and a humid dock | Kiln-dried pool; helical fasteners | Spec change |
Keep thirty of your own broken pallets aside for a month and photograph the damage. Patterns appear quickly. We do this analysis free with any repair quote, because a customer whose damage rate halves buys from us for a decade.
Lifecycle
Eleven years in the life of one pallet
A composite built from real Passport records. Individual units vary enormously; the shape does not.
Year 0 Year 0–2 Trips 1–4
Beverage route work. Loaded, racked, unloaded, returned. Colour starts to grey; nothing structural changes.
Year 3 First inspection failure
A lead board splits at a nail line. Twenty-minute fix: replacement deck board, re-square, re-stamp. Graded B from here.
Year 3–6 Trips 5–9
Nursery and agricultural work, where deck gaps matter more than appearance. Spends two winters partly outdoors.
Year 7 Companion stringer
A stringer cracks. A second timber is fitted alongside, spanning the crack. Measurably stiffer than before.
Year 7–10 Trips 10–13
Local one-way freight. Tare weight has drifted up a pound from accumulated moisture cycling.
Year 11 Retired from carrying
Two bottom boards gone, deck softening. Economic repair ends here. Chalk line through the whole pallet.
Year 11 Dismantled
De-nailed board by board. Clear boards to the fabrication shop; structural stock back to the repair bay as donor material.
Year 11 Recovered
What is left goes through a magnet and a grinder: mulch, bedding shavings, biomass fuel. The nails go to a scrap partner four miles away.
Year 11+ Still working
The best boards are now shelving in a bottle shop, carrying its Passport ID burned into the end grain.
Thirteen trips, two repairs, roughly 143 kg CO₂e avoided against building thirteen new pallets, and nothing landfilled at the end. Look up a real record
Reference
Standards, bodies and who decides what
Pallets sit under a surprising number of overlapping rules. Here is who writes them and what they actually govern.
| Reference | Who maintains it | What it governs | Does it bind a used pallet sale? |
|---|---|---|---|
| ISPM-15 | IPPC, under the UN FAO | Treatment and marking of solid wood packaging in international trade | Yes, for export |
| GMA footprint (48×40) | Industry convention, originally grocery manufacturers | A footprint, not a quality level | No — it is a size |
| EPAL / EUR | European Pallet Association | Euro pallet construction, repair and branding | Yes, if sold as EPAL |
| ISO 6780 | International Organization for Standardization | Principal pallet footprints worldwide | No |
| ASTM D1185 / D1083 | ASTM International | Test methods for pallet performance | No, but ratings reference them |
| PDS (Pallet Design System) | Virginia Tech / NWPCA | Engineering-grade load modelling | No — a design tool |
| NWPCA uniform standards | National Wooden Pallet & Container Association | Common grade vocabulary | Voluntary |
| OSHA 1910.176 | US Dept of Labor | Safe storage, stacking and housekeeping | Yes, in your building |
| Oregon EPR (SB 582) | Oregon DEQ | Producer responsibility for packaging; wood is in scope for reporting | Increasingly, yes |
| FSMA / food safety plans | US FDA | Packaging as a food-contact hazard consideration | Via your audit, yes |
The gap in that list is the interesting part: no authority grades used pallets. That is why a written supplier specification — ours is published here — is the entire quality system in this industry.
Next step
Buy the cheapest grade that actually works
Tell us the load and the handling, and we will specify downward wherever it is safe to. Over-specifying is just paying for appearance.