Built
Douglas fir from a mill inside 180 miles. Seven top boards, five bottom, three stringers, helical nails, 2,800 lb dynamic.
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Ask and we will send the specification set, the carbon methodology or a sample diversion certificate — no form-filling theatre, just an email back.
Portland, OR · email only, no phone
- 01
Published spec sheets
Every pool, every tolerance, every load rating, on one page.
Quoted todaywritten, 1 business day - 02
Inspection guide
The eleven-minute receiving routine we hand to new customers.
Quoted todaywritten, 1 business day - 03
Conversion tables
Inches, millimetres, pounds, kilos, board feet and trailer counts.
Quoted todaywritten, 1 business day - 04
Standards & bodies
ISPM-15, EPAL, ISO, ASTM, OSHA, FDA, Oregon EPR — who governs what.
Quoted todaywritten, 1 business day
| Pallet | Static | Dynamic | Racked | Tare | Stack height |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 48×40 GMA Grade A | 8,000 lb | 2,800 lb | 2,200 lb | 33–37 lb | 3 high loaded |
| 48×40 GMA Grade B | 6,500 lb | 2,200 lb | 1,500 lb | 30–36 lb | 2 high loaded |
| 48×40 block, 4-way | 9,000 lb | 2,500 lb | 2,400 lb | 37–41 lb | 4 high loaded |
| EPAL / Euro 1 | 8,800 lb | 3,300 lb | 2,200 lb | 48–55 lb | 3 high loaded |
| 42×42 beverage | 7,500 lb | 2,600 lb | 1,900 lb | 35–39 lb | 3 high loaded |
| 48×48 drum | 9,500 lb | 3,000 lb | 2,300 lb | 40–45 lb | 2 high loaded |
| 36×36 nursery deck | 4,500 lb | 1,400 lb | 900 lb | 24–28 lb | 2 high loaded |
| 48×20 half pallet | 3,000 lb | 1,400 lb | 900 lb | 18–22 lb | 2 high loaded |
| Remanufactured 48×40 | 6,000 lb | 2,000 lb | 1,200 lb | 30–38 lb | 2 high loaded |
| Heavy skid 96×48 | 16,000 lb | 12,000 lb | Not for racking | 95–130 lb | 1 high |
Receiving
What to check on delivery
Eleven minutes on the first three deliveries sets the tone for the whole relationship. Do this with any supplier, including us.
| Check | How | Pass | If it fails |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall size | Tape measure, both dimensions, one pallet in ten | Within 1/4" (Grade A) or 1/2" (Grade B) | Note it on the delivery ticket |
| Squareness | Steel square in two opposite corners | Within 1/4" on the diagonal | Reject the unit; we replace next route |
| Protruding nails | Palm flat across the top deck | Nothing catches | Reject — this is what tears packaging |
| Bottom boards | Flip one pallet in ten | No split through a nail line | Reject; it will fail in a rack |
| Moisture | Lift one. Wet pallets are 8–10 lb heavier | Feels dry, sounds sharp | Floor stack to dry, do not rack at rating |
| Mould or staining | Visual, both decks | Weathering only, no fuzz | Reject for any food-contact use |
| Grade mix | Count against the delivery note | Matches what you ordered | Ask for the count sheet to be corrected |
Write failures on the delivery ticket rather than calling — a written record is the only thing that reliably changes supplier behaviour, and we replace rejected units on the next route with no restocking charge.
Storage
Keeping pallets usable through a wet winter
Portland takes about 36 inches of rain a year and most of it lands between November and March. You do not need a building to survive that — you need three habits.
- Off the ground
- Two spare pallets as a base. Anything touching soil wicks water and rots from the bottom layer up.
- Covered on top
- A tarp that actually reaches the sides. Rain enters a stack from above, not from the side.
- Air gaps, not a seal
- A sealed tarp traps condensation and produces the mould problem you were avoiding. Leave the sides open.
- Away from drip lines
- Anything under a roofline drip edge stays wet all winter, regardless of what you cover it with.
- Aligned with the wind
- Stacks oriented with prevailing wind dry noticeably faster. Free, and it works.
- Rotate the pile
- First in, first out. The bottom of an untouched stack is where pallets go to die.
| Condition | Weight | Stiffness | Rack it? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kiln dried (≤19% MC) | 33 lb | Full rating | Yes |
| Air dried, covered | 35 lb | Full rating | Yes |
| Damp, uncovered 2 weeks | 39 lb | Reduced | Floor stack |
| Rain-soaked | 45 lb | Materially reduced | No — let it dry |
| Frozen wet | 45 lb+ | Unpredictable | No |
Nine pounds of water per pallet is nine pounds of freight you pay to move. Across 600 units that is more than two and a half tonnes of water on a truck. Field notes on moisture
Diagnostics
Read the damage, fix the cause
Damage patterns are not random. Each one points at a specific handling behaviour, and fixing the behaviour is worth more than fixing the pallets.
| What you see | What it almost always means | What to change | Cost to fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Split lead boards at one end | Forks driven in too fast and too high | Operator training; dock lighting. Usually one shift is responsible | Free |
| Torn stringer notches | Pallet jacks entering notched stringers at an angle | Specify block pallets with true four-way entry | Spec change |
| Bottom boards ripped off cleanly | Pallets dragged rather than lifted, or frozen to a cold-store floor | Floor condition, forklift capacity at peak | Low |
| Crushed corner blocks | Stacks higher than the rating, or uneven loads on one corner | Stack-height policy; centre the load | Free |
| Out of square, nothing broken | Racking loading pallets diagonally — beams at different heights | Rack survey. This one is worth chasing | Medium |
| Mould in the middle of a stack | Wet pallets stacked tight with no airflow | Store off the ground, cover the top, leave side gaps | Low |
| Protruding nails tearing cases | Ungraded stock, or units repaired without re-checking | Buy graded; reject on the ticket | Free |
| Deck boards cupping | Moisture cycling between a freezer and a humid dock | Kiln-dried pool; helical fasteners | Spec change |
Keep thirty of your own broken pallets aside for a month and photograph the damage. Patterns appear quickly. We do this analysis free with any repair quote, because a customer whose damage rate halves buys from us for a decade.
If you are selling
Six things that raise what your pile is worth
None of these require you to sort anything. They just make the pile faster for a driver and a grader to deal with, and that difference lands in the price.
- 01
Get it off the dirt
The bottom layer of a stack sitting on soil is the layer we have to write off. Two spare pallets underneath prevents it.
- 02
Stack square and to one height
Even stacks load faster, count accurately and travel without shifting. Leaning piles get counted conservatively.
- 03
Keep sizes together
You do not need to grade, but separating 48×40 from everything else takes minutes and raises the per-unit price.
- 04
Pull out the obvious non-wood
Carpet, foam-backed board, metal frames and the occasional bicycle. Composites cost us money to separate.
- 05
Leave truck and forklift access
A pile behind a locked gate at the end of a narrow alley is worth less than the same pile on a loading apron.
- 06
Photograph it once
One picture from fifteen feet tells a grader footprint, grade mix, moisture exposure and count within about 15%.
| Material | We take it | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| 48×40 GMA, any grade | Yes | Paid per unit by grade |
| Euro / EPAL branded | Yes | Paid per unit, market dependent |
| Block pallets, odd sizes | Yes | Paid per unit |
| Broken cores, mixed piles | Yes | Usually collected free |
| Crates, bins, dunnage | Yes | By weight |
| Wet or unsortable stock | Yes | Free, or a small haul fee |
| Marked rental-pool pallets | No | They belong to their operator |
| MB-stamped (fumigated) | No | Cannot enter our streams |
| Painted or contaminated | No | Would degrade mulch and bedding |
| Fire-damaged | No | Unsafe to process |
Freight
What fits in what
Pallet counts per vehicle and container, so you can sanity-check a quote before you accept it.
| Equipment | Floor positions (48×40) | Empty pallets stacked | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 53' dry van | 30 | up to ~560 | The standard North American trailer |
| 48' dry van | 26 | up to ~500 | Still common on regional lanes |
| 48' flatbed | 26 | up to ~520 | Our workhorse for yard-to-yard moves |
| 53' curtain-sider | 30 | up to ~560 | Weather protection with side access |
| 26' box truck, lift-gate | 12 | up to ~240 | Urban docks with no forklift |
| 40' ocean container | 20 | up to ~400 | ISPM-15 marking required |
| 40' high-cube container | 20 | up to ~460 | Extra height, same floor |
| 20' ocean container | 10 | up to ~200 | Heavy, dense loads |
| 40 yd hook-lift container | n/a | ~90 loose cores | For standing recycling bins |
Pallet freight is almost always weight-constrained before it is cube-constrained, which is why tare weight is a real cost line. How we price a lane
Worked example
Cost per trip, calculated properly
A real comparison for a plant shipping 600 pallets a month on a weight-sensitive lane. Copy the method, not the numbers.
| Line | New pallet | Grade A recycled | Grade B recycled | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit purchase price (index) | 100 | 50 | 35 | The only number most procurement systems compare |
| Trips before repair | 15–20 | 9–14 | 7–11 | New lasts longer; it also costs twice as much |
| Purchase cost per trip (index) | 5.6 | 4.3 | 3.8 | Price divided by trips |
| Tare weight | 36 lb | 35 lb | 33 lb | Recycled fir is often lighter than new hardwood |
| Freight weight penalty | Baseline | Neutral | −3 lb/unit | Only matters on weight-limited lanes |
| Expected damage rate | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | Graded stock behaves; ungraded stock does not |
| Receiving rejections | Rare | Rare | Occasional | Graded + written tolerance removes most of this |
| End-of-life cost | 0 | 0 | 0 | We collect and pay or collect free — never a disposal fee |
| Documentation value | None | Diversion certificate | Diversion certificate | Reportable ESG outcome at no extra cost |
- Purchase price share of total cost5–15%
- Freight weight share~30%
- Damage & rework share~38%
- Handling labour share~20%
Build this yourself
One row per option, six columns: unit price, tare weight, expected trips, damage rate, rejection risk, disposal cost. Multiply out across annual volume. It takes an afternoon, the cheapest unit price almost never wins, and we will happily help build it — including with numbers that do not favour us.
The full articleDecision table
Five ways to get a pallet, compared honestly
Including the two we do not sell. Cost index is against a new wooden pallet of the same footprint.
| Option | Cost index | Trips | Repairable | Carbon per use | Best for | Watch out for |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade A recycled | 45–55 | 9–14 then repair | Yes | 3.1 kg | Almost everything | Colour varies; tare varies by a few pounds |
| Grade B recycled | 30–40 | 7–11 then repair | Yes | 3.1 kg | One-way, floor stacking, closed loops | Lower racked rating (1,500 lb) |
| Remanufactured | 25–35 | 5–8 | Yes | 4.8 kg | One-way on a budget | Visibly mixed boards; 1,200 lb racked |
| New wooden | 100 | 15–20 then repair | Yes | 14.2 kg | Tight tolerances, audits, odd sizes | Pays for appearance you may not need |
| Plastic | 500–1,000 | 30–100 | No | High embodied, low per-use | Wash-down, deep freeze, pharma | Cracks end its life; not repairable |
| Rental pool | Per-trip fee | Managed | By operator | Operator's figure | Exchange networks, retail mandates | Pallets are not yours; losses are chargeable |
We sell the first four and supply plastic where a wash-down line genuinely needs it. We do not operate a rental pool, and we will not buy marked pool pallets from you — they belong to their operator. Full comparisons
Timing
The pallet year in the Pacific Northwest
Supply and price both move with the seasons. Knowing the shape of the year is worth more than negotiating hard in October.
| Month | What the region is doing | Pool depth | What to do |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | Everything quiet; recycling inflow steady | Deep | Best buying window of the year. We stockpile now |
| February | Repair bay catching up | Deep | Lock quarterly pricing; book spring nursery stock |
| March | Nursery season begins | Tightening on 36×36 | Spring stock should already be reserved |
| April | Nursery peak; landscaping starts | Tight on nursery decks | Mulch and bedding demand rises sharply |
| May | Nursery winding down | Normalising | Good month for custom builds and crate projects |
| June | Berry harvest | Normal | Watch for short-notice agricultural requests |
| July | Berries, early stone fruit | Normal | Forecast your October number now |
| August | Pre-harvest build-up | Normalising down | Harvest slots allocated this month |
| September | Hazelnut and grape harvest begins | Tight | Reserved stock only. Spot buyers struggle |
| October | Peak harvest; cider apples | Tightest of the year | Do not start here. Everyone calls at once |
| November | Harvest ends; rain begins | Recovering | Grading gets stricter; covered storage fills |
| December | Retail peak, agriculture stops | Deep again | Mulch demand collapses, biomass rises |
Safety
Pallet safety, the short version
OSHA 1910.176 covers storage and housekeeping in your building. These are the specifics that actually cause incidents.
- 01
Never rack on an unknown rating
If nobody can produce a racked (edge-support) figure in writing, treat the pallet as unrated and floor stack it. This is the single most common serious incident in warehousing.
- 02
Empty stack height
Keep empty pallet stacks to a sensible, stable height — commonly capped around 15 units or 6 feet by site policy — on level ground, away from exits and sprinkler heads.
- 03
Empty pallets are a fire load
Idle wooden pallets burn fast and hot. Most fire codes limit indoor idle storage and require separation from other combustibles. Outdoor storage needs clearance from buildings.
- 04
Never climb a stack
Obvious, routinely ignored, and the cause of most pallet-related injuries. Use equipment, not a foothold.
- 05
Mind protruding fasteners
Gloves, and reject units with nails standing proud. A nail that tears a case will also tear a hand.
- 06
Do not burn treated wood
Never burn MB-fumigated, painted or chemically treated wood. Untreated offcuts are fine as fuel; everything else goes to a proper stream.
This is general guidance rather than a compliance document. Your local fire code and your own risk assessment govern; we are happy to supply load ratings and treatment records to support yours.
Reference
Standards, bodies and who decides what
Pallets sit under a surprising number of overlapping rules. Here is who writes them and what they actually govern.
| Reference | Who maintains it | What it governs | Does it bind a used pallet sale? |
|---|---|---|---|
| ISPM-15 | IPPC, under the UN FAO | Treatment and marking of solid wood packaging in international trade | Yes, for export |
| GMA footprint (48×40) | Industry convention, originally grocery manufacturers | A footprint, not a quality level | No — it is a size |
| EPAL / EUR | European Pallet Association | Euro pallet construction, repair and branding | Yes, if sold as EPAL |
| ISO 6780 | International Organization for Standardization | Principal pallet footprints worldwide | No |
| ASTM D1185 / D1083 | ASTM International | Test methods for pallet performance | No, but ratings reference them |
| PDS (Pallet Design System) | Virginia Tech / NWPCA | Engineering-grade load modelling | No — a design tool |
| NWPCA uniform standards | National Wooden Pallet & Container Association | Common grade vocabulary | Voluntary |
| OSHA 1910.176 | US Dept of Labor | Safe storage, stacking and housekeeping | Yes, in your building |
| Oregon EPR (SB 582) | Oregon DEQ | Producer responsibility for packaging; wood is in scope for reporting | Increasingly, yes |
| FSMA / food safety plans | US FDA | Packaging as a food-contact hazard consideration | Via your audit, yes |
The gap in that list is the interesting part: no authority grades used pallets. That is why a written supplier specification — ours is published here — is the entire quality system in this industry.
Lifecycle
Eleven years in the life of one pallet
A composite built from real Passport records. Individual units vary enormously; the shape does not.
Year 0 Year 0–2 Trips 1–4
Beverage route work. Loaded, racked, unloaded, returned. Colour starts to grey; nothing structural changes.
Year 3 First inspection failure
A lead board splits at a nail line. Twenty-minute fix: replacement deck board, re-square, re-stamp. Graded B from here.
Year 3–6 Trips 5–9
Nursery and agricultural work, where deck gaps matter more than appearance. Spends two winters partly outdoors.
Year 7 Companion stringer
A stringer cracks. A second timber is fitted alongside, spanning the crack. Measurably stiffer than before.
Year 7–10 Trips 10–13
Local one-way freight. Tare weight has drifted up a pound from accumulated moisture cycling.
Year 11 Retired from carrying
Two bottom boards gone, deck softening. Economic repair ends here. Chalk line through the whole pallet.
Year 11 Dismantled
De-nailed board by board. Clear boards to the fabrication shop; structural stock back to the repair bay as donor material.
Year 11 Recovered
What is left goes through a magnet and a grinder: mulch, bedding shavings, biomass fuel. The nails go to a scrap partner four miles away.
Year 11+ Still working
The best boards are now shelving in a bottle shop, carrying its Passport ID burned into the end grain.
Thirteen trips, two repairs, roughly 143 kg CO₂e avoided against building thirteen new pallets, and nothing landfilled at the end. Look up a real record
Vocabulary
Terms used on this page
Defined the way a yard uses them, not the way a standards document does.
- Dynamic load
- What a pallet can carry while being moved by a forklift or pallet jack.
- Grade A / #1
- Premium recycled: no plugs, no repairs, tight tolerance, highest published ratings.
- HT
- Heat treated: 56 °C at the core of the wood for 30 continuous minutes, per ISPM-15.
- IPPC mark
- The stamp proving treatment: wheat symbol, country code, facility number and treatment code.
- Moisture content (MC)
- Water in wood expressed as a percentage of its dry weight. Above 25% expect reduced stiffness.
- Racked load
- What a pallet can carry supported only at its edges in beam racking. The number that matters most.
- Static load
- What a pallet can hold sitting still on a flat floor. The largest and least useful rating.
- Tare weight
- The weight of the empty pallet — a real and rarely audited freight cost.
Questions
What people ask about our reference material
What is the minimum order or pickup?
No hard minimum for collection at the yard — come and take four pallets on a Saturday morning if you like. For delivery it is 50 units inside Portland metro and 150 outside it, because the truck has to earn its diesel. Outside our 180-mile fleet radius we quote through partner yards and freight, with the lane itemised.
How fast can this happen?
Standard 48×40 Grade A and B stock: same day for pickup, next day for metro delivery. Block pallets one to three days. Custom builds five to nine business days; engineered runs two to three weeks. Heat treatment is same day for booked batches and 48 hours standard. Written quotes always come back within one business day.
Why is there no phone number anywhere?
Because verbal quotes get remembered differently by different people. Since 2018 every price, date and commitment we make exists in an email you can search and forward. Most customers dislike it for about a month and then prefer it. Everything else happens in person at 3821 NW St Helens Rd, Portland, OR 97210.
Can I inspect before committing?
Please do. Visit the yard by email arrangement — closed-toe boots required, hi-vis provided — or ask for photographs of the actual pool your order would come from. We would rather lose an order than have a customer discover a surprise on their dock.
What documentation comes with it?
A written quote, a signed count sheet by grade, a weight ticket where material is weighed, heat-treatment certificates for treated batches (archived seven years), and a monthly diversion certificate for anything we collect for recycling — measured pounds kept out of landfill, which is the figure your ESG report actually needs.
What will you refuse to do?
Take methyl-bromide fumigated, chemically contaminated or fire-damaged wood. Buy marked rental-pool pallets, which belong to their operator. Promise same-day delivery outside the metro. Or quote a grade we do not think will survive your handling — we will specify downward and explain why.
Long reads
From the journal · written in the yard
- Aug 18, 2026 · 9 min
A pallet glossary for people who have to buy them
Forty terms you will hear from a pallet yard, defined in the way a yard actually uses them rather than the way a standar…
- Mar 14, 2024 · 8 min
What “Grade A” actually means, and why half the industry disagrees
There is no federal pallet grading authority. There is only what each yard writes down and whether they honour it. Here …
- Jul 8, 2024 · 7 min
Moisture is the enemy: what rain does to a pallet, a load and a budget
A soaked pallet can lose a quarter of its stiffness, gain nine pounds, and transfer mould to your packaging. In Oregon t…
- Nov 11, 2025 · 7 min
What warehouse automation does to your pallet specification
A robot has no judgement. Every tolerance you used to absorb with a human operator becomes a line item in a spec sheet.…
Deeper
Where this material came from
Go deeper
Everything else on this site
- The size library Twenty footprints, both measurement systems, tolerances and stock depth
- Grades explained A, B, C and reman written out, including what each costs us
- Load capacity Static, dynamic and racked without hand-waving
- Published standards The whole quality system, and our rejection remedy
- Pallet Passport Type in a stamped ID and read that pallet's life
- Carbon math Line-by-line derivation with the leakage caveat
- Journal 33 long articles from the grading line
- Glossary 36 terms, yard definitions
- All locations 51 states and DC, 323 city pages
- Contact us 3821 NW St Helens Rd, Portland, OR 97210 — email only, no phone
Next step
Use it, print it, hold us to it
All of it is published precisely so it can be referenced in a contract rather than argued about afterwards.